NFPA 855：为什么对于储能系统安全运行如此重要？
NFPA 855: The Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

防患（火）于未然，NFPA855标准可以帮助储能系统所有者和运营商在储能投入运营初期建立系统详细的安全预防措施和应急操作方法，显著降低安全事故发生率，提供储能运行质量

风电、太阳能、水电、地热能，这些只是可再生能源发电源的例子。不幸的是，能源存储的业务可能是非常危险的。以至于在2020年，美国消防协会制定了NFPA 855--固定式储能系统安装标准。
Wind turbines, solar, hydropower, geothermal energy, these are only some examples of renewable energy sources. Unfortunately, the business of storing energy can be incredibly dangerous. So much so that in 2020 the National Fire Protection Association developed NFPA 855 – Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems.

设计一种安全储存可再生能源以供以后使用的方法，对于实现绿色能源的未来至关重要。本文将谈到每个ESS系统设施必须采取的基础安全措施。也就是说，这篇文章并不是用来替代现有的安全标准，更多是作为一种补充。
Devising a way to safely store renewable energy for later use is essential for attaining a greener future. This article will touch on basic safety measures every ESS facility must take. That said, this article is not to be used as a replacement for the printed standard, but rather a resource to accompany it.

什么是储能系统？
虽然有很多方法可以发电，但目前只有少数几种方法进行能源存储。固定式储能系统通常包含大型电池（连接到可再生能源发电源）、电子控制系统、逆变器和热管理系统的结构。这些系统部件集中在一起，可以放在室外或者室内。
While there are many ways to generate electricity, there are only a handful of ways to store it for later. Stationary energy storage systems usually refer to structures that house large batteries (connected to a renewable energy source), an electronic control system, inverter, and thermal management system. These components are all in one enclosure either outside or within a building.

然后，这些大型电池必须充电，以向电网或电力设施提供电力。目前有基于不同原理的存储系统其中包括：
These large batteries must then be charged to provide electricity to the grid or for the facility utilizing the power. There are a handful of different storage systems being developed for this purpose, these include:

压缩空气储能--多余的能量被用来压缩空气并储存起来，空气动能释放出来推动涡轮机，从而产生电力。
Compressed air energy storage – Excess energy is used to compress air and store it, to eventually release it for the purpose of turning a turbine which generates electricity

机械重力储能 - 通过提升和降低物体，利用重力势能产生电力。
Mechanical gravity energy storage – Electricity is generated by the pull of gravity through lifting and lowering objects.

液态电池储能– 利用化学能制作可充放电的燃料电池。比如铅电池或锂离子电池
Flow batteries for energy storage – Chemical energy is used to create rechargeable fuel cells. Think of lead batteries or lithium-ion batteries.

NFPA 855：基本的消防法规要求
以下绝不是储能设施必须满足的完整法规清单。相反，它包括一些固定式储能系统的最重要的最佳实践方法，另外熟悉NFPA 855是雇主的责任。它可以在NFPA的网站上免费找到，因为它在技术上是一个自愿遵守的标准。
The following is by no means the complete list of regulations that facilities must comply with. Instead, it includes some of the most important best practice methods that facilities must remember if a stationary energy storage system is present. That said, it is the employer’s responsibility to become familiar with NFPA 855. It can be found on the NFPA’s website for free since it is technically a voluntary standard.

我们要谈的第一条规则是4.1.1 ESS气体释放。NFPA标准直接规定："ESS在正常充电、放电和使用期间，不得在其所在的房间或空间释放有毒或剧毒气体，造成超过允许接触限值（PEL）的情况。"
The first rule that we will touch on is 4.1.1 ESS Gas Release. The NFPA standard directly states, “ESS shall not release toxic or highly toxic gas creating conditions in excess of the permissible exposure limit (PEL) in the room or space in which they are located during normal charging, discharging, and use.”

储能系统ESS最大的担忧之一，特别是锂离子电池，是所谓的热失控。这些电池会产生相当多的热量，这需要一个足够的冷却系统来控制ESS的温度。然而，如果失去控制，锂电池会产生有毒气体，甚至爆炸。
One of the biggest concerns of ESS, particularly with lithium-ion batteries, is what is called thermal runaway. These batteries create quite a bit of heat, which requires a sufficient cooling system to control the temperature of the ESS. However, if it gets out of control, the lithium battery can begin to spew toxic gases and even explode.

应急操作计划要求
过去，ESS的应急协议是稀少的。以亚利桑那州苏里斯的储能项目发生的悲惨事件为例。2019年，当四名消防员去应对涉及锂离子电池热失控的紧急情况时，一场巨大的爆炸几乎杀死了他们。没有安全数据表，公用事业部门和电池制造商的应急计划准备有限，工作人员对用于灭火气体的使用也不正确。在危险的环境中，信息缺失是绝对不行的。

Emergency protocol in the past for ESS has been sparse. Take for example the tragic incident at an energy storage system facility in Surprise, Arizona. In 2019, a massive explosion almost killed four firefighters when they went to respond to an emergency involving thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. There were no SDSs, the utility and battery maker had a limited response plan, and the staff were incorrect about the gas used for fire suppression. Missing information is never ok in dangerous environments.

以下是处理ESS的应急计划的必要要求。如果遵循正确的要求，储能系统就有希望在危机情况下避免严重的伤害和死亡：
The following are the necessary requirements for an emergency operations plan dealing with ESS. If followed correctly, the facility can hope to prevent serious injuries and death when it comes to emergency response:
 
1.    界定在紧急情况下安全关闭、断电或隔离设备的程序。这将减少火灾、电击和人身伤害的风险
1.    Define procedures for safe shutdown, de-energizing, or isolation of equipment in emergency situations. This will reduce the risk of fire, electric shock, and personal injuries

2.    定义紧急状况过后的安全启动协议
2.    Define the safe start-up protocol after emergency conditions have passed

3.    定义检查和测试ESS相关报警器、联锁和控制的程序
3.    Define the procedures for inspection and testing of ESS related alarms, interlocks, and controls

4.    解释在接到危险状况通知后应遵循的程序，包括关闭设备，召集服务和维修人员，并向消防部门通报潜在的危险状况
4.    Explain the procedures to be followed upon being notified of dangerous conditions, including shutting down equipment, summoning service and repair personnel, and providing notification to the fire department of potentially hazardous conditions

5.    确定在发生火灾、爆炸、液体或蒸汽释放、关键运动部件损坏或其他危险情况时应遵循的紧急程序。
5.    Define the emergency procedures to be followed in case of fire, explosion, release of liquids or vapors, damage to critical moving parts, or other dangerous conditions

6.    安全数据表会帮助记录和辨别必要的安全隐患或者风险
6.    The presence of safety data sheets that will address safety concerns and extinguishment when needed

7.    处理在火灾或其他紧急事件中受损的ESS设备的程序，以及能够安全拆除受损ESS设备的资质人员的任何联系信息
7.    Procedures for dealing with ESS equipment damaged in a fire or other emergency event, as well as any contact information for qualified personnel that can safety remove damaged ESS equipment

8.    其他由AHJ决定的必要程序
8.    Other procedures as determined necessary by the AHJ

9.    如何以及何时对这些应急程序进行演练
9.    How and when to perform drills of these emergency procedures

10.  这是一份基本的核对表，你可以用它来为你的ESS建立一个应急计划。也就是说，为了保证设施的工人和应急响应者的安全，你可以添加任何你认为必要的额外协议。
10.  This is the basic checklist that you can use to establish an emergency plan for the ESS in your facility. That said, you may add any extra protocol you deem necessary for the safety of both the facility’s workers and emergency responders.

以上就是安可捷检测认证介绍对NFPA 855标准的介绍，仅供参考，部分素材来源于计然碳科技，并不代表安可捷检测技术的观点和对其真实性负责。如涉及作品内容、版权和其它问题，请在30日内与我们私信联系，我们将在第一时间删除内容！